Phobias can cause extreme anxiety and panic. Here’s a list and names of common and lesser common phobias.

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Most people have fears, and sometimes, those fears are so overwhelming that some may try to avoid them at all costs. Phobias are fears of a particular object or event.

There are five classifications of phobias in the general population. Phobias cause intense fear and anxiety. Some people may even have panic attacks.

If you’re dealing with a phobia, there are treatments available and ways you can cope. Some phobias are more common than others.

Phobias are persistent and intense fears of a particular:

  • object
  • person (like a doctor or clown)
  • situation
  • activity

If you have a phobia, you may experience severe anxiety and panic attacks when you’re:

  • exposed to the object or situation you’re fearful of
  • thinking about the thing you’re afraid of
  • anticipating an encounter with the item you’re scared of

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR), specific phobia is an anxiety disorder. The average person with a specific phobia may experience up to three simultaneously.

Research from 2024 indicates approximately 8% to 13% of people experienced symptoms of specific phobia at some point in the last year. There are five types of specific phobias:

  1. natural environment type
  2. animal type
  3. situational type
  4. blood injection or injury type
  5. other type

The other type of specific phobias encompasses all phobias that don’t fit into the four previous types.

  • fear of a particular object or situation that causes immediate anxiety
  • object or condition that the person is fearful of is avoided for at least six months
  • fear of a phobic object or situation is disproportional to the actual danger of the object or situation
  • causes distress in essential areas of a person’s life such as relationships, work, or school
  • another mental health disorder doesn’t cause symptoms

In children, signs of a specific phobia may look like:

  • crying
  • freezing
  • clinging to a caregiver
  • extreme emotional reaction

Common phobias, according to 2018 research, include:

And there are other phobias within these classifications.

Fear of animals

Zoophobia also has specific phobias associated with particular animals, such as:

  • Ailurophobia: fear of cats
  • Arachnophobia: fear of spiders
  • Cynophobia: fear of dogs
  • Entomophobia: fear of insects
  • Musophobia: fear of mice
  • Ophidiophobia: fear of snakes
  • Ornithophobia: fear of birds
  • Spheksophobia: fear of wasps
  • Ichthyophobia: fear of fish

There’s not an exact number of known phobias.

Weather-related fears

And there are other weather-related phobias other than the fear of thunderstorms, such as:

  • Ancraophobia: fear of wind
  • Antlophobia: fear of flooding
  • Astraphobia: fear of thunder and lightning
  • Chionophobia: fear of snow
  • Heliophobia: fear of the sun
  • Nyctophobia: fear of darkness
  • Lilapsophobia: fear of tornadoes and hurricanes
  • Pluviophobia: fear of weather associated with rain and storms
  • Thermophobia: fear of hot weather

If you’re dealing with a phobia, you may not be able to face what you’re afraid of and often may have irrational fears about the situation or object.

While you may have heard of some of the more common phobias, some rarer phobias include:

The longest phobia word is hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia, which ironically stands for fear of long words. There isn’t any research on this condition, making it tough to know its origins and how it affects people.

While the scariest phobia is subjective, one phobia that can cause significant distress is the fear of the supernatural or ghosts (phasmophobia).

Research from 2018 indicates that fear of the supernatural is associated with several distinct symptoms such as:

This research suggests that this fear often develops in childhood and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.

There are several treatments available for phobias. A 2020 study examined the effectiveness of multiple treatments, such as therapy and medication for specific phobia.

Some types of therapy that may be helpful for phobias include:

Additionally, according to the authors, there’s limited evidence to suggest that medication helps treat specific phobias.

Their research found some promising data for the use of propranolol and glucocorticoid in treating specific phobia. Still, more research must be done on its effectiveness before being considered a standard treatment.

If you’re considering treatment for a specific phobia, consider speaking with a mental health professional near you to find treatment options.

Specific phobias are prevalent worldwide. While you may experience common fears such as heights or snakes, you may also become phobic of something less familiar.

Avoidance may be typical for you if you’re dealing with a phobia. While avoidance means you don’t have to face the anxiety, avoiding may only make confronting the object you’re afraid of more anxiety-provoking when you have to confront it.

The standard treatment for phobia is psychotherapy, as many types of therapy are effective in helping reduce symptoms associated with phobias. Medications aren’t yet as helpful in treating phobias. Remember, if you’re dealing with a phobia, you aren’t alone and can get help.