Though distinct conditions, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can occur at the same time.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are different conditions that can share similar symptoms. Some ADHD symptoms occur in autistic people and vice versa. This is called symptom overlap.

But having overlapping symptoms, especially if they happen frequently, can sometimes indicate both conditions are occurring together.

If you or someone you know has ADHD and autism, you’re not alone. Effective treatment options can help manage these symptoms.

Yes, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can occur together.

But there’s conflicting evidence on how common it is. Some research suggests that about 50% to 70% of autistic people also have ADHD. But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that the number is closer to 14%.

The reasons why ADHD and autism may co-occur aren’t clear. Still, according to research, ADHD and ASD share specific factors, including:

  • genetic factors, which may be why some families have children with ADHD, autism, or both
  • similar brain structure differences
  • higher likelihood of occurring in males
  • similar challenges with social interactions, executive functioning, and language delays

Researchers also suggest that ADHD symptoms are more likely to be found in autistic folks. Whereas people with ADHD are less likely to experience symptoms of autism.

Also, sometimes, the symptoms of ADHD and autism can be subtle and hard to identify. This often leads to later diagnosis when both conditions occur together.

According to one research review, the average age a child receives an ADHD diagnosis ranges from 4.9 years to 9.8 years. But the average age a child is diagnosed with autism is 3.5 years to 6.2 years.

Symptoms of ADHD tend to first appear in childhood and can range from mild to severe. But some people with ADHD aren’t diagnosed until they’re adults. Symptoms can also vary depending on the type of ADHD.

The three types of ADHD are:

  • Inattentive: People may find paying attention, staying organized, or finishing tasks challenging.
  • Hyperactive-impulsive: Symptoms include restlessness, fidgeting, and talking excessively.
  • Combined: A combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive types.

Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that shows up in early childhood.

Symptoms of autism include difficulties with:

  • verbal and nonverbal communication
  • sensory processing
  • social interaction

Autistic people may also experience challenges with behavioral patterns.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) classifies autism by the level of support an autistic person needs daily.

  • Level 1: requires some support
  • Level 2: needs more support
  • Level 3: requires more substantial support

Although 2019 research suggests some symptoms of ADHD and ASD overlap, there are distinct differences.

A person with ADHD may have attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity challenges. But an autistic individual may have difficulties with communication, social interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors.

These differences are often difficult to sort out. But sometimes, when a child with ADHD and autism receives medications to manage ADHD symptoms, the symptoms of autism become clearer.

Still, according to one 2018 study, people with ADHD and ASD may experience challenges with working memory, response inhibition, and processing speed.

People who are autistic and have ADHD can manage the symptoms. A mental health professional specializing in autism and ADHD can help develop a treatment plan that addresses the specific symptoms.

Some management strategies to consider include:

Medications

Research from 2021 suggests that medical professionals consider treating the symptoms of ADHD using ADHD medications and adding behavioral interventions for symptoms related to ASD. Still, each person responds to treatments differently, making it critical to use an individualized approach.

Behavioral therapies

Therapies such as Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) can help manage some of the behaviors associated with autism. But 2018 research suggests that for some autistic people, ABA therapy can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Also, psychotherapy and behavioral management interventions may help with ADHD symptoms.

Learning organizational skills

For some people, overlapping symptoms of ADHD and autism include difficulties with executive function, such as managing time and tasks. Organizational skills training or methods to stay organized may help you manage daily obligations better.

Practicing self-care

Treatment options for autism and ADHD can also include caring for yourself, so you’re better able to manage symptoms. This could include:

  • regular exercise
  • eating a healthy diet
  • learning ways to cope with stress

Because autism and ADHD may share similar factors, including genetic links and brain structure differences, it’s not surprising both can occur together. But it’s challenging to determine how common it is.

Still, there are effective methods to cope with the overlapping symptoms.

A mental health professional can help you develop a treatment plan that could include medications or behavioral therapies. If you need help finding a therapist, Psych Central’s Mental Health Hub may be helpful.

Also, the key to tending to your well-being if you’re experiencing ADHD and autism symptoms is implementing self-care strategies such as exercise and stress management into your daily routine.