A new review finds that people suffering from depression appear to experience time differently than healthy individuals.

Although the perception of time is subjective and usually depends on the relevant situation, the discovery that time appears to pass more slowly for depressed individuals is significant.

Many of us experience a different sense of how fast or slow time is passing relative to whether we are waiting for something or if a deadline is approaching. The new study, however, finds that depressed individuals often perceive that time seems to pass extremely slowly or even stands still.

Psychologists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) collated relevant studies on the subject to analyze them in a so-called meta-study.

They discovered that although depressed individuals perceive slow time passage, when asked to judge the duration of a specific time interval, such as two seconds or two minutes, their estimates are just as accurate as those of healthy subjects.

Sven Thönes and Dr. Daniel Oberfeld-Twistel of the Institute of Psychology at Mainz University looked at the results from 16 individual studies in which 433 depressed subjects and 485 non-depressed control subjects participated.

“Psychiatrists and psychologists in hospitals and private practices repeatedly report that depressed patients feel that time only creeps forward slowly or is passing in slow motion,” reported Oberfeld-Twistel.

“The results of our analysis confirm that this is indeed the case.”

In the second part of their meta-analysis, Thönes and Oberfeld-Twistel examined subjective estimates of how long events last.

In these studies, the subjects were asked, for example, to estimate the duration of a movie in minutes, press a button for five seconds, or discriminate the duration of two sounds. The results obtained for the depressed subjects were exactly the same as those for the healthy ones without any relevant statistical difference.

“We found strong indicators that in depressed individuals the subjective feeling of the passage of time differs from the ability to assess the actual duration of external events,” concluded Oberfeld-Twistel, summarizing the findings.

Thönes and Oberfeld-Twistel identified several aspects of the relation between depression and time perception that have not yet been investigated adequately.

Little is actually known about the effects of antidepressants and psychotherapy, or how patients with bipolar disorders compared to non-bipolar depression assess the passing of time.

Researchers believe future studies are needed to clearly differentiate between the subjective perception of the passage of time and the ability to estimate the length of precisely defined time intervals.

Source: Mainz University/EurekAlert