World of Psychology

Dads, Daughters and Body Image

By Margarita Tartakovsky, M.S.
July 1, 2009

Dads, Daughters and Body ImageWe’ve already talked about how moms and daughters can help boost each other’s body image. However, moms aren’t the only influential ones. Dads, too, play a pivotal role in shaping their daughter’s body image. And parents today have a lot to contend with; our society isn’t getting any easier on girls (or boys). It’s tough enough on full-grown women to navigate the treacherous world of women’s magazines, double-zero clothing and weight-loss ads. Add to that peer teasing and cyberbullying, and it’s understandable why some dads are voicing their concern. Paul Nyhan in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer described his fears of raising his daughter in our appearance-conscious society:

“Girls as young as 7 are now treated for anorexia, more than 40 percent of girls in first, second and third grade wish they were thinner, and the number of reported cases of anorexia and bulimia is rising, according to the Seattle-based National Association of Eating Disorders.”

Like Nyhan — who’s “worried because in a few years this toddler will stand at the edge of the nation’s body-image vortex, swirling with size 00 jeans, underfed celebrities glorified in gossip magazines, the latest “America’s Next Top Model” and an unrelenting marketing drumbeat that skinnier is better” — many dads aren’t sure how to approach their daughters. They’re typically more comfortable coaching their sons on their baseball game and catching up with their boys on the latest sports stats.

That might be because dads don’t see themselves as that important to their daughters, writes father-daughter relationship expert Linda Nielsen in College Student Journal. However, a good relationship between dads and daughters can have many benefits for daughters, Nielsen said: Research has found that daughters who have healthy relationships with their dads tend to be more self-reliant, self-confident and successful and less likely to develop eating disorders.

What You Can Do

Building a better body image is just as critical as building a healthy self-image. Here are ways to help your daughter build both:

1. Remember you’re a role model.

The experts in Nyhan’s article note that “both mom and dad set examples when they talk about their own bodies, eat and watch movies and television.” So be aware of the messages you convey to your daughter.

2. Call out bad messages and help your child analyze advertising.

We’re surrounded by self-objectifying ads and a pop culture that promotes sexy, skinny images, even to young girls. Just recently, Calvin Klein — a fashion design company swimming in controversy because of its highly sexualized images — unveiled a shocking image in New York City’s Soho neighborhood. Conveniently (for Calvin Klein), you can’t just turn off the TV to avoid the ad; kids and parents have to endure it every time they walk by.

Sexualized images in advertising and in the media can lead to shame and anxiety and are associated with low self-esteem, eating disorders and depression, according to a report from the American Psychological Association.

You can counteract these consequences by talking about negative advertising and teaching your daughter to think critically about what she sees. Some questions you can start with: What do you think about this ad? How does it make you feel? What do you think are the company’s motives? What is it trying to sell?

Jean Kilbourne, an international expert on advertising and co-author of So Sexy So Soon: The New Sexualized Childhood and What Parents Can Do to Protect Their Kids, offers an extensive list of resources here. In this excellent article, Diane E. Levin, the book’s other co-author, discusses practical tips, including talking to your daughter about revealing clothing and sexualized advertising.
Canada’s Media Awareness Network also has advice on talking to your kids about advertising in general.

3. Check out expert resources.

The Dad Man is an excellent website that offers dads tons of tips on raising their daughters. Joe Kelly, who founded and maintains The Dad Man, on his blog lists 16 tips for dads to help their daughters foster a healthy self-image. Kelly adapted his tips from Margo D. Maine’s book, Father Hunger: Fathers, Daughters and the Pursuit of Thinness. You can find tips 1-6 here and 7-16 here. Here’s a snippet of the valuable advice:

Know what you don’t know. Learn about your daughter’s life. Don’t believe that your experience and hers are similar; in fact, you are years and cultures apart. Respect the differences.

Encourage her to identify and discuss her emotions and opinions. Let her disagree with you without withdrawing your affection. Show respect for the differences between you.

Teach her to say no and set limits. This will prepare her for situations that might compromise or even endanger her.

Help your daughter develop values other than consumerism. Share some of yours and create opportunities to enjoy nature, reading, the arts, sports, music, cultivation of friendships, volunteerism, or other activities.

Maintain a diet-free home. Encourage enjoyment of food, moderate exercise, and a healthy, balanced lifestyle. Rules about food only backfire and contribute to eating and weight problems.

4. Engage your daughter in “life.” Jezebel blogger Jennifer suggests going beyond body image. She writes:

“When I was growing up, my dad never told me what I could and couldn’t do, but he did let me know that he thought that, in his opinion, YM magazine portrayed women as stupid. (Not to mention trashy.) My dad’s opinions meant something to me. I never read YM.

When I was growing up, my dad talked to me non-stop about his love of the music of Diana Ross, Laura Nyro, Aretha Franklin, Joni Mitchell, and Carole King. My dad’s opinions meant something to me. That was the music I listened (and still listen) to, and those were the women I thought were really cool. But most importantly, both of my parents didn’t sit down and drill me about my “body image” — they were too busy asking me my opinions on what was going on in the news, what I was learning in school and nurturing everything from my interest in politics to my love of musicals. And guess what? I was too interested in life to be interested in what I weighed.”

5. Spend quality time.

Pick an activity that you both enjoy that doesn’t involve mom. Let this be your special time. As a little girl, my close friend used to tag along with her father, a biologist, in the field, helping him find specimens and collect data. He’d also regularly read science books to her (before she even knew what “science” meant) and ask her thoughts on various subjects. To this day, she talks about how influential these father-daughter experiences were and how they’ve shaped her interests and goals — she completed her master’s degree in evolutionary biology and is now an instructor at a state university. Oh, and she still tags along with her dad to do field work. Check out Time for some great stories about dads and daughters.

Boys and Body Image

Don’t forget that boys struggle with body image, too. They might not be as vocal about it, but unrealistic, unhealthy standards for boys proliferate. Big biceps, toned bodies and six-pack abs are today’s ideal, and can have various negative consequences.

Common Sense Media, an independent, nonprofit organization that helps parents review and find positive media experiences for their kids, includes on their site some useful tips—and some startling statistics:

  • Nearly a third of teen boys try to control their weight through unhealthy methods, like taking laxatives or smoking.
  • In a 2005 study, 1 in 8 boys ages 12 to 18 reported using hormones or supplements to change their appearance, improve muscle mass, or gain more strength.
  • 1 in 20 teen boys said they used products, including growth hormones or steroids, at least once a week.

Remember that you play an integral and influential role in helping your kids build a positive self-image. Hope you had a great Father’s Day!

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21 Comments to
“Dads, Daughters and Body Image”

Can children be damaged by being forced to pay off trillions in debt spent by congress without authorization of the children?

Shouldn’t children have the freedom to abuse their own debt, or should congress continue to abuse debt for them?

What about a father who thinks “People should be told something is wrong, other wise how will they know?”

So, my father has been telling me, ad nauseam, how heavy I am and how many pounds HE thinks I should lose. This has gone on for years. I try not to let it bother me, but, as we all know, the more a person is badgered about not engaging in a certain behavior, the more likely that person is to do it.

And, I eat. I try not to, but the anxiety associated with his harping causes me to find comfort in food. Most of the time I’m not even aware that he triggered the response. Sometimes I realize it after a quart of ice cream has “accidentally” found its way to my stomach.

I’ve tried the psychotherapist thing. We conquered lots of other problems, but the eating thing doesn’t seem to go away. Sometimes I dread seeing my dad.

This is an excellent article. I would recommend the book available on amazon called Not Your Mother’s Diet. It addresses so many ways to become free of stress eating when dealing with family and that’s father too. Plus there is not a quick fix to eating issues or body image issues. However finding the right therapist that has a proven record of success in eating disorders and body image problems can make all the difference. Find a group in your area like OA that can give you a sponsor experience in eating issues. Most importantly keep going because discouragement is the real problem that can stop you from progressing.

What a nice article. I have seen more and more dads in my practice willing to see their own dietitian while I work with their daughter. It is a great development that the recognition of how dads relate to food and eating influences all of their children, not just their sons.

Screw all the stuff that is above me. I didn’t care what needed to be payed off before me… I didn’t NEED to be a ballerina and “perfect”.

I did need to be smarter than everyone else and gorgeous. Daddy got that.

When THAT was met with in the real world? Well.. “modern feminists” swarmed it and destroyed it.

Perhaps “feminists” should be confronted with better models that give effective outcomes.

I’m pretty much disgusted with the whole model. I’ll go back to being better than the boys and the boys KNOWING it.

It is PATHETIC when a “first year” girl bests a decade tenured teacher and is punished for that achievement.

Straight forward, educative and well written article. Growth in children should be without constrains and they need to know the facts of life about body and mind from right and healthy kind of sources. Too much of “shouldism” by parents and other can spoil the natural course of development.
Buoyancy, healthy, creative and positive life habits can bring optimism and glow on the face of growing kids. Keep it up!!!

Oh, wow… Heather completely lost me. Can someone explain what she was trying to emphasize?

Respectfully,
Shelly

Yeah, I know what you mean about Heather, Shelly. I have no idea. Calvin Klein is partially responsible for the degradation of our youth and young adults (who think they have arrived and know it all, but in reality have no idea what life is or should be about). I can’t believe how low they have gone this time. I knew growing up that Brooke Shields was pushing it, but that was nothing compared to what they are doing now. I will NEVER buy Calvin Klein products again and I will spread the word to my entire circle of influence about this outrage.

I agree with most on this panel, this was a very enlightening article.
I am a single father of two (daughter 10, son 7) and and as my babies and their mental, emotional and physical well being is paramount to me therefore I am very interested in navigating the potential land mines my children will face. I appreciate any suggestions or advice I receive.

Thanks to the trained medical pro’s that took a moment to chime in! It is very encouraging and confirms that most want to see our children happy, health and productive lives.

As for Larry and Heather, WHOA! Guys, you are both certainly entitled to your opinions but this is the wrong forum to be going off on such radical tangents. FOCUS people!!!

I’m glad this article was posted. With all of my children (1 daughter, 3 boys), I’ve been trying to do these things. It’s very nice to read that research and “experts” validate what has been my hunches. I love my daughter and want her to be happy in whatever she choses to do.

Could we get an article here on how parents can best “coach” their children in peer relationships? Sometimes I find myself at a bit of a loss when it comes to such issues.

One of the most important things a father can do is evaluate his own attitudes, and then the consequential behavior, regarding women. A man who whistles at or attends to certain female images is imparting a message. A man who criticizes, belittles, or controls his wife is sending a very strong message and patterning to his daughters on how they should expect to be treated.
A man who values his wife, complements her intelligence, partnering, etc, and makes body image a non issue, is sending a healthy message to his daughter. Respecting his wife’s and daughters feelings and preferences sets a bar for his daughter to respect herself and expect to be respected. It isnt so much what Dad says, as it is what kids catch from what he believes and how that expresses itself.

All of the above articles and info are very helpful & encouraging to fathers and their relations with their daughters;but what about single fathers who are trying to be a good father to their daughters but have so many obstacles distance,not enough time together,transportation,the mothers ignorant livein boyfriend who’s trying whatever way possible to get in between and cause problems between the father and the mother.What type of advice is there for fathers in situations like that

I agree with this article, but there is a BIG part left out! Boys and girls watch how their parents treat members of the opposite sex as well. My Father constantly gave my Mom a hard time for her weight and was always pointing out women who he found attractive; of course, they were thin model types. I have many male friends and they do the same thing and now my Brother behaves the same way. My Mom has low self esteem and together they created three children, 2 daughters with very low self esteem and a son who treats women, especially his wife, very poorly.

I completely agree with this article and everything it states.As a child,my father was a guidence(Though rare his presence),my only guidence often enough for me to gain a healthy sense of self,and my own body.Keep it up,all comments are lovely,I understood them all.

Heather, girl, you’ve got issues….

Very intuitive and informative piece. The significance of the father/daughter relationship was downplayed for a long time by adverts and media, but it’s making strides now. Even though family integrity is still somewhat weaker than it should be, there are valuable resources available for people that really want to make a difference in the lives of their kids. My caution: don’t take the polar opposite approach. Don’t take it to the other side of progressive. We tend to be people of extremes; much because of the rapid-fire dissemination of info and news. For myself, I treasure the time with my girls (6 and 7, one with mild autism). They know they are beautiful, interesting, funny, sweet and lovely. They will never know a day that their dad doesn’t think so.

I didn’t read anything about fathers teaching their SONS about loving a girl for who she is rather than what she looks like, this is probably the best way to teach their daughters about such a body issue - start with their brothers.

P.S. I am a different Heather:)

Thanks for this, I’ll send it out to the dads I know. :) An additional thing I’d say is important about point 1 is that parents should watch what they say about their own bodies, and other peoples’. When I was 12, I wore a size 14. My dad never said anything negative to me directly, but it showed in his attitude towards others and still affected me. He constantly harped on my grandmother being fat and unhealthy, with the overtone that it was disgusting. I wore the same size as my grandmother. If she was fat and disgusting, then wasn’t I, too? Remember your kids can take in everything and anything you say.

I love this article. I not having my father in my life for most of it being as my parents are not together and he lives in a different province knows that its very important to have that father role to look up to as a girl, Women will attract different types of men and women will look for men that are like there fathers, From the way they treat there wife, sttrangers, family, kids. and if your father is rude to your mother and makes jokes about her weight or apperance and tell hers that she need to lose weight or go to the gym or that she shouldnt be eatting that. She will grow up only knowing that and thinking apperance is the only thing that I have to offer I’d better not eat, or puke up what I do , or whatever the case maybe, she will learn to not accept herself the way she is and in turn she will look for guys that will treat her poorly,
But if your father is very kind and loving and on a daily bases says I love you, you are beautiful and smart than that sets a standard to what she will accept from a guy and what she wont, she will learn how to be treated with respect and in turn she will love her self because there is not negitive influence telling her other wise.
It really makes me mad that the media and Hollywood and peers put so much stress on image making a person feel like thats all they can offer anyone one of this world and you need it to get ahead in life. Its pathic that we let that control us and tell us how we are going to feel today. It makes me mad that there are so many people out there that cant love themselfs or ever be satisfied with them selfs and the body that God created so perfectly for a purpose, If he wanted everyone to look the same and think the same then he wouldhave created robots, being different is what makes YOU and me interesting and unique so why should we let others take that gift way from us.God would not should I say is not happy that there is so much focus on “Material ” things of this world, the things that in the end dont define if you are honest and caring and a good person its just a mask. We should enjoy what God had given us and enjoy life and freinds and family, Dont get me wrong being healthy is very important to me but if people are alot more lazy now a days then ever, back then everyone was working so hard all the time that there was not time to sit and eat a whole bag of chips, We as a society have got very lazy and unappreicative what what the world has to offer us the beauty in it , and not T.V.. so you see its very important that our parents are there and play that role of what we should believe and the morals that have installed into us. Fathers do your part please!.

Wow, what a wonderful article. I wish I could have shared this with my own father when I was a child. I think one thing that should be noted/added, under “Remember You are a Role Model,” is that little girls (and boys!!!) listen to the messages you send about their mothers. Saying things like: “Oh, your mother is such a drama queen!” Even saying something as “harmless” to their mother like: “Hunny, you said you wanted to lose a few pounds. Do you really think you should have that extra piece of [insert food here]?” could cause a child to question their own body shape and eating habits. This is something I really picked up on from my own father. I saw how he treated my mother- distant and constantly pointing out her flaws, and began to apply what he said to her to myself.

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    Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 4 Jul 2009

 


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