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	<title>Comments on: Another Brain Fad for Depression?</title>
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	<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/</link>
	<description>Dr. John Grohol&#039;s daily update on all things in psychology and mental health. Since 1999.</description>
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		<title>By: Friday Flashback for July 24, 2009 &#124; Momscreed - Pregnancy &#38; Parenting Guide</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-631346</link>
		<dc:creator>Friday Flashback for July 24, 2009 &#124; Momscreed - Pregnancy &#38; Parenting Guide</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 07:04:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-631346</guid>
		<description>[...] Another Brain Fad for Depression?A love letter to neuroscientists was published in the Boston Globe which caught my BS-alert detector. Just a ridiculous, one-sided article suggesting that only a biological understanding of mental illness will result in the golden age of treatment. Meanwhile, hundreds of psychological studies are published each and every year on different psychological treatments and theories of mental disorders. Few get noticed because psychological explanations are so&#8230; boring compared to the pretty, compelling pictures of fMRI, for instance.   &#171; Depression Happens to Successful People  Depression Happens to Successful People &#187; [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Another Brain Fad for Depression?A love letter to neuroscientists was published in the Boston Globe which caught my BS-alert detector. Just a ridiculous, one-sided article suggesting that only a biological understanding of mental illness will result in the golden age of treatment. Meanwhile, hundreds of psychological studies are published each and every year on different psychological treatments and theories of mental disorders. Few get noticed because psychological explanations are so&#8230; boring compared to the pretty, compelling pictures of fMRI, for instance.   &laquo; Depression Happens to Successful People  Depression Happens to Successful People &raquo; [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Adam M. Aguiar</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-630497</link>
		<dc:creator>Adam M. Aguiar</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 20:37:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-630497</guid>
		<description>My own experience with what is now called bipolar 2 has been that whereas &quot;psychotherapy&quot; does help..it is basically nothing more than having someone listen empathetically and with some degree of knowledge of human behavior. The advent of Prozac and the ssri drugs have made a great advance in lessening the actual suffering of the patient.

The drugs may not be a cure or any real support for any one theory but they certainly have been the first real decrease in human suffering and disability. This is true, regardless of the full explanation of the details of how they work to reduce pathological depression.

The success of these drugs is worth SO MUCH more than useless speculation (at this point) of how they do this. Theory is not always as useful in the  lessening of misery as experimental fact.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My own experience with what is now called bipolar 2 has been that whereas &#8220;psychotherapy&#8221; does help..it is basically nothing more than having someone listen empathetically and with some degree of knowledge of human behavior. The advent of Prozac and the ssri drugs have made a great advance in lessening the actual suffering of the patient.</p>
<p>The drugs may not be a cure or any real support for any one theory but they certainly have been the first real decrease in human suffering and disability. This is true, regardless of the full explanation of the details of how they work to reduce pathological depression.</p>
<p>The success of these drugs is worth SO MUCH more than useless speculation (at this point) of how they do this. Theory is not always as useful in the  lessening of misery as experimental fact.</p>
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		<title>By: SriMathe</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-622772</link>
		<dc:creator>SriMathe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Feb 2009 13:52:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-622772</guid>
		<description>There is obviously a lot to know about this.  I think you made some good points in Features also.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is obviously a lot to know about this.  I think you made some good points in Features also.</p>
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		<title>By: Mental Health Year in Review: 2008 - World of Psychology</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-600105</link>
		<dc:creator>Mental Health Year in Review: 2008 - World of Psychology</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 13:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-600105</guid>
		<description>[...] In July, we wrote about Another Brain Fad for Depression?, which described how research into the science of the brain is already leading some people to draw conclusions about the causes of depression with insufficient evidence. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] In July, we wrote about Another Brain Fad for Depression?, which described how research into the science of the brain is already leading some people to draw conclusions about the causes of depression with insufficient evidence. [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Jack Aubrey</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-595926</link>
		<dc:creator>Jack Aubrey</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Dec 2008 00:17:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-595926</guid>
		<description>BRAVO Dr Grohol! My experience was EXACTLY like Tang Brown&#039;s above. I also agree 100&amp; with Jason and Jamworks above. The evolution of the ICDM shows that Science is not at work... merely the parroted-for-profit &quot;opinions of the day&quot;. 

 I also couldn&#039;t agree more with your answers, Dr. Grohol- to

&quot;@jamworks — Agree or disagree with the research, but there’s decades worth of large-scale, randomized studies that shows psychotherapy works for virtually all types of depression (there are even some that shows it can work on its own against the most severe depressions).

@LilyRose — That’s true of all treatments for depression, absolutely. I only wish we had some way, some *reliable* way, of determining which treatments would be best for which person ahead of time. Today, despite a solid decade of significant brain research and MRI scans, it’s nothing short of educated guesses and trial and error.
-----------

  My readings in the History of Psychiatry are truly terrifying. 
Here&#039;s a wonderful insight into the REAL-LIFE fate of Medical Innovators who are 100% CORRECT! Look at what happened to the first Dr. (Ignaz Semmelweiss) who insisted in about 1850-60 on requiring OB/GYN physicians in his clinic to just WASH THEIR HANDS between patients - after coming from the dissecting room, see: 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis

 Semmelweis&#039; observations went against all established scientific medical opinion of the time. For his brilliant and pioneering discovery, he was thrown out of the Vienna Medical Society, deemed insane, and eventually beaten to death in an &quot;asylum&quot; by the attendants.  
 
 His eventual fate? 

In 1865 János Balassa wrote a document referring Semmelweis to a mental institution. On 30 July Ferdinand von Hebra lured him, under the pretense of visiting one of Hebra&#039;s &quot;new Institutes&quot;, to a Viennese insane asylum located in Lazarettgasse, not far from the General Hospital — definitely not one of Vienna&#039;s best. Semmelweis surmised what was happening and tried to leave. He was severely beaten by several guards, secured in a straitjacket and confined to a darkened cell. Apart from the straitjacket, treatments at the mental institution included dousing with cold water and administering castor oil, a laxative. He died after two weeks, on 13 August 1865, aged 47, from a gangrenous wound, possibly inflicted by the beating. The autopsy revealed extensive internal injuries, the cause of death pyemia — blood poisoning.

This is STILL essentially the fate of medical geniuses among us who DARE to disagree with the long-held but 100% WRONG Opinions of their O-so-pompous Colleagues. Modern Psychiatry is a truly horrific joke on the patients, BUT a HUGE $$$-maker for these MD-charlatans and BigPharma. 

Guess which wins - MONEY or HEALING THE PATIENT? The profession itself is sick. And propagates KNOWN LIES for $$MONEY$$. To call them &quot;unethical&quot; is merely scratching the surface- their (in general) UTTER LACK of common medical Ethics is DISGUSTING.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>BRAVO Dr Grohol! My experience was EXACTLY like Tang Brown&#8217;s above. I also agree 100&amp; with Jason and Jamworks above. The evolution of the ICDM shows that Science is not at work&#8230; merely the parroted-for-profit &#8220;opinions of the day&#8221;. </p>
<p> I also couldn&#8217;t agree more with your answers, Dr. Grohol- to</p>
<p>&#8220;@jamworks — Agree or disagree with the research, but there’s decades worth of large-scale, randomized studies that shows psychotherapy works for virtually all types of depression (there are even some that shows it can work on its own against the most severe depressions).</p>
<p>@LilyRose — That’s true of all treatments for depression, absolutely. I only wish we had some way, some *reliable* way, of determining which treatments would be best for which person ahead of time. Today, despite a solid decade of significant brain research and MRI scans, it’s nothing short of educated guesses and trial and error.<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<p>  My readings in the History of Psychiatry are truly terrifying.<br />
Here&#8217;s a wonderful insight into the REAL-LIFE fate of Medical Innovators who are 100% CORRECT! Look at what happened to the first Dr. (Ignaz Semmelweiss) who insisted in about 1850-60 on requiring OB/GYN physicians in his clinic to just WASH THEIR HANDS between patients &#8211; after coming from the dissecting room, see:<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis</a></p>
<p> Semmelweis&#8217; observations went against all established scientific medical opinion of the time. For his brilliant and pioneering discovery, he was thrown out of the Vienna Medical Society, deemed insane, and eventually beaten to death in an &#8220;asylum&#8221; by the attendants.  </p>
<p> His eventual fate? </p>
<p>In 1865 János Balassa wrote a document referring Semmelweis to a mental institution. On 30 July Ferdinand von Hebra lured him, under the pretense of visiting one of Hebra&#8217;s &#8220;new Institutes&#8221;, to a Viennese insane asylum located in Lazarettgasse, not far from the General Hospital — definitely not one of Vienna&#8217;s best. Semmelweis surmised what was happening and tried to leave. He was severely beaten by several guards, secured in a straitjacket and confined to a darkened cell. Apart from the straitjacket, treatments at the mental institution included dousing with cold water and administering castor oil, a laxative. He died after two weeks, on 13 August 1865, aged 47, from a gangrenous wound, possibly inflicted by the beating. The autopsy revealed extensive internal injuries, the cause of death pyemia — blood poisoning.</p>
<p>This is STILL essentially the fate of medical geniuses among us who DARE to disagree with the long-held but 100% WRONG Opinions of their O-so-pompous Colleagues. Modern Psychiatry is a truly horrific joke on the patients, BUT a HUGE $$$-maker for these MD-charlatans and BigPharma. </p>
<p>Guess which wins &#8211; MONEY or HEALING THE PATIENT? The profession itself is sick. And propagates KNOWN LIES for $$MONEY$$. To call them &#8220;unethical&#8221; is merely scratching the surface- their (in general) UTTER LACK of common medical Ethics is DISGUSTING.</p>
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		<title>By: marissa</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-550718</link>
		<dc:creator>marissa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 16:01:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-550718</guid>
		<description>Bravo, Dr. Grohol. This is an excellent post.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bravo, Dr. Grohol. This is an excellent post.</p>
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		<title>By: Pamela</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-541553</link>
		<dc:creator>Pamela</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 22:30:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-541553</guid>
		<description>When I was first given Prozac it was as if someone had turned all the lights on. Years of therapy and stays in psychiatric hospitals and in a psychotherapeutic community-getting worse.
Yes- they don&#039;t work for everyone and a lot does have to be done by you. The best &#039;talking cure&#039; I have found is in 12 step groups-and once the lights are on you can face your fears with folks who have been there and don&#039;t want your money!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When I was first given Prozac it was as if someone had turned all the lights on. Years of therapy and stays in psychiatric hospitals and in a psychotherapeutic community-getting worse.<br />
Yes- they don&#8217;t work for everyone and a lot does have to be done by you. The best &#8216;talking cure&#8217; I have found is in 12 step groups-and once the lights are on you can face your fears with folks who have been there and don&#8217;t want your money!</p>
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		<title>By: Lizzie</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-3/#comment-541272</link>
		<dc:creator>Lizzie</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 13:31:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-541272</guid>
		<description>I agree Hassan it is possible.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree Hassan it is possible.</p>
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		<title>By: hassan</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-540884</link>
		<dc:creator>hassan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 21:57:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-540884</guid>
		<description>it is possible</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>it is possible</p>
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		<title>By: Tang Brown</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-540553</link>
		<dc:creator>Tang Brown</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 14:27:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-540553</guid>
		<description>Just read any good thick book on the history of psychiatry. When you&#039;re not weeping for the sufferings of their victims, you&#039;re rolling on the floor with laughter at their ignorance. I have had psychiatrists threaten to tell my boss if they didn&#039;t get their fees paid on time. They are charlatans, and even worse charlatans now that they are in the pockets of BigPharma and writing prescriptions based on who pays them the most. I have depression, have seen no less than 5 shrinks about it, never been helped although have been put every drug-of-the-month from lithium to Prozac, and all I have to show for it is huge bills and -oh yeah - one lost job. I fight it with cognitive therapy (this is the way you are, work around it) and just laugh as the &quot;profession&quot; of psychiatry becomes even more of a joke. Can&#039;t wait to see their new ICDM. I understand that demon possession is coming back.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just read any good thick book on the history of psychiatry. When you&#8217;re not weeping for the sufferings of their victims, you&#8217;re rolling on the floor with laughter at their ignorance. I have had psychiatrists threaten to tell my boss if they didn&#8217;t get their fees paid on time. They are charlatans, and even worse charlatans now that they are in the pockets of BigPharma and writing prescriptions based on who pays them the most. I have depression, have seen no less than 5 shrinks about it, never been helped although have been put every drug-of-the-month from lithium to Prozac, and all I have to show for it is huge bills and -oh yeah &#8211; one lost job. I fight it with cognitive therapy (this is the way you are, work around it) and just laugh as the &#8220;profession&#8221; of psychiatry becomes even more of a joke. Can&#8217;t wait to see their new ICDM. I understand that demon possession is coming back.</p>
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		<title>By: Jodi</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-539981</link>
		<dc:creator>Jodi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jul 2008 19:15:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-539981</guid>
		<description>maybe there is more than one type of depression.  Not all depression is because you have a crummy life or because a moron is running the country.  Why is a chemical imbalnce so far fetched?  Is a diabetic only a diabetic because he/she eats too much sugar?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>maybe there is more than one type of depression.  Not all depression is because you have a crummy life or because a moron is running the country.  Why is a chemical imbalnce so far fetched?  Is a diabetic only a diabetic because he/she eats too much sugar?</p>
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		<title>By: Burt</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-539761</link>
		<dc:creator>Burt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jul 2008 15:05:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-539761</guid>
		<description>Maybe people are depressed because their lives are crummy. Maybe they are depressed because a moron is running the country. It has nothing to do with an &quot;imbalance&quot;; thats just a corporate marketing ploy for the drug companies.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Maybe people are depressed because their lives are crummy. Maybe they are depressed because a moron is running the country. It has nothing to do with an &#8220;imbalance&#8221;; thats just a corporate marketing ploy for the drug companies.</p>
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		<title>By: Jodi</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-539738</link>
		<dc:creator>Jodi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jul 2008 14:29:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-539738</guid>
		<description>I have had depression for many years, using both medical and psychotherapy intervention.  Seems to me that we may benefit from calling it a &quot;spectrum&quot; disorder, as they do for Autism (I am a special education teacher).  In autism, though they are still working on causes/treatments, they are discovering many therapies that work for some, don&#039;t work for others, involve meds, don&#039;t involve meds, etc.  Looking at autism as a spectrum disorder helps me in my intervention of each individual child, as opposed to looking at it like he/she &quot;has autism&quot;.  Which leads me to wondering if it is our over-all health care system/perspective of &quot;cures&quot; that is the problem.  We are trained to want everything fast and furious.  One-pill-will-cure-all, one-therapist/therapy-will-cure-all thinking doesn&#039;t work.  Let the scientists do their work, demand more time from our doctors, treat ourselves as individuals with individual needs.  Isn&#039;t this what&#039;s  &quot;wrong&quot; with our educational system, as well?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have had depression for many years, using both medical and psychotherapy intervention.  Seems to me that we may benefit from calling it a &#8220;spectrum&#8221; disorder, as they do for Autism (I am a special education teacher).  In autism, though they are still working on causes/treatments, they are discovering many therapies that work for some, don&#8217;t work for others, involve meds, don&#8217;t involve meds, etc.  Looking at autism as a spectrum disorder helps me in my intervention of each individual child, as opposed to looking at it like he/she &#8220;has autism&#8221;.  Which leads me to wondering if it is our over-all health care system/perspective of &#8220;cures&#8221; that is the problem.  We are trained to want everything fast and furious.  One-pill-will-cure-all, one-therapist/therapy-will-cure-all thinking doesn&#8217;t work.  Let the scientists do their work, demand more time from our doctors, treat ourselves as individuals with individual needs.  Isn&#8217;t this what&#8217;s  &#8220;wrong&#8221; with our educational system, as well?</p>
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		<title>By: Holly</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-538737</link>
		<dc:creator>Holly</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 03:52:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-538737</guid>
		<description>Dr. Grohol,
I have had the experience of recovery from panic attacks and depression from &quot;talk therapy&quot; as well as medication. However, looking back over my life from a perspective of a now-medicated brain, (for clinical depression) I can clearly see that there was always something &quot;not right&quot; about my thinking and behavior from childhood.  Medication saved my life and has given me the ability to feel &quot;normal&quot;.  I thank God every day for the science that provided antidepressant medication. My medication is there for me every day.  I can&#039;t say the same about any of my therapists...or can&#039;t afford to say that about any of my therapists.  And it wouldn&#039;t be right to expect that either.  So, please don&#039;t knock what works for so many of us.  For the depressed and anxiety-ridden, it just adds more anxiety, and thoughts like, &quot;Am I a loser cause I need meds?&quot;  Not!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dr. Grohol,<br />
I have had the experience of recovery from panic attacks and depression from &#8220;talk therapy&#8221; as well as medication. However, looking back over my life from a perspective of a now-medicated brain, (for clinical depression) I can clearly see that there was always something &#8220;not right&#8221; about my thinking and behavior from childhood.  Medication saved my life and has given me the ability to feel &#8220;normal&#8221;.  I thank God every day for the science that provided antidepressant medication. My medication is there for me every day.  I can&#8217;t say the same about any of my therapists&#8230;or can&#8217;t afford to say that about any of my therapists.  And it wouldn&#8217;t be right to expect that either.  So, please don&#8217;t knock what works for so many of us.  For the depressed and anxiety-ridden, it just adds more anxiety, and thoughts like, &#8220;Am I a loser cause I need meds?&#8221;  Not!</p>
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		<title>By: LilyRose</title>
		<link>http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/07/06/another-brain-fad-for-depression/comment-page-2/#comment-538693</link>
		<dc:creator>LilyRose</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 01:07:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychcentral.com/blog/?p=2215#comment-538693</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m in a grey zone as far as how I feel about all this biodeterminism. At first, I was pretty skeptical of what seemed to me to be one more attempt to define something as the Philosopher&#039;s Stone re: psychology. Then I started questioning my own motives for being so dismissive of it. I don&#039;t like the idea of consciousness essentially being a product of neuro-electro-chemical activity. How much does that color the way I perceive these theories?

Perhaps you&#039;re aware of the work being done studying the Pet Scans revealing that a region of the brain called the Brodman Area 25 which showed to be overactive during periods of &quot;profound negative mood (sadness)&quot; That&#039;s their phraseology - don&#039;tcha just love jargon? 

They&#039;re stimulating the area (it&#039;s in the prefrontal cortex) with electrode implants to create a paradoxical effect and calm the area down, the theory being that there&#039;s a co-realation - perhaps causal - between BA25 and depression. 

They keep looking. But co-incidence does not equal causality. On the other hand, is determining causality a requisite for using the knowledge as treatment?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m in a grey zone as far as how I feel about all this biodeterminism. At first, I was pretty skeptical of what seemed to me to be one more attempt to define something as the Philosopher&#8217;s Stone re: psychology. Then I started questioning my own motives for being so dismissive of it. I don&#8217;t like the idea of consciousness essentially being a product of neuro-electro-chemical activity. How much does that color the way I perceive these theories?</p>
<p>Perhaps you&#8217;re aware of the work being done studying the Pet Scans revealing that a region of the brain called the Brodman Area 25 which showed to be overactive during periods of &#8220;profound negative mood (sadness)&#8221; That&#8217;s their phraseology &#8211; don&#8217;tcha just love jargon? </p>
<p>They&#8217;re stimulating the area (it&#8217;s in the prefrontal cortex) with electrode implants to create a paradoxical effect and calm the area down, the theory being that there&#8217;s a co-realation &#8211; perhaps causal &#8211; between BA25 and depression. </p>
<p>They keep looking. But co-incidence does not equal causality. On the other hand, is determining causality a requisite for using the knowledge as treatment?</p>
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