Is Prozac (fluoxetine) a good long-term treatment for children and teens grappling with depression to help prevent relapse?
According to a study published in this month’s American Journal of Psychiatry, the answer appears to be, “Yes.”
The researchers examined 168 children and adolescents ages 7 to 18. The study looked at whether or not a person relapsed, and how quickly, as the primary outcome measure.
In the group of kids taking Prozac, 42% relapsed within 6 months after being stabilized on the medication (9 months after starting treatment). In the group of kids taking a placebo, 69% relapsed in the same time period. Prozac is called a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or SSRI, and is a popularly prescribed antidepressant medication for adults and children.
Using a stricter definition of relapse, the researchers found similar results — 22% relapsed in the Prozac group, compared to 48% in the placebo group.
The researchers also found that the time to relapse was significantly shorter in the placebo group.
The upshot? If a teen or child is taking Prozac for depression and sees good results from it, they should probably maintain on it for as long as the doctor suggests, to minimize the risk of relapse. It’s not clear from this study if these results would generalize to other types of similar SSRI antidepressant medications.
Reference:
Emslie, G.J. et. al. (2008). Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Preventing Relapse of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:459-467
You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Links to This Article
Prozac, Kids and Long-Term Treatment - World (4/9/2008)
Notes & News | Counseling Notes (4/16/2008)
Notes & News | Bowden McElroy (8/7/2008)
15 Comments to
“Prozac, Kids and Long-Term Treatment”
just because the kids may not relapse as frequently when they take prozac it does not follow that prozac is a good long-term treatment for children.
I sure as hell wouldn’t put my kids on mind-altering substances when diet, therapy and exercise is just as likely to help and much more likely to sustain a positive outcome.
Family therapy is probably very important too as family dynamics often play a part in an unhappy childs life. It does not take overt abuse to effect a child emotionally—good old typical family dysfunction is enough to cause serious emotional problems sometimes. No ones to blame but the whole family needs to work together.
I think it’s really irresponsible to suggest that Prozac is good for kids without looking at other options first.
I have my doubts about the true significance of this study. You have to pay to read the whole article, which I didn’t do. Without that, you are stuck with the summary percentages. As an abstract or summary article, it makes it sound good. I would want to know more details before I jump on that bandwaggon.
Just as an example. Lets say you define relapse as a score above 20 on the HAM-D. Below 20, it’s not a relapse. And further lets say that 69% of the placebo group gets a score over 20 in 6 months. That means 69% relapse right? What if the average score for those who relapse is 21. Now, it may be that 69% of the prozac group had an average score of 19 during that 6 months, but only 49% scored over 20. Doesn’t look so good does it? Only 2 points difference.
Now, I’m not saying that this was how this study defined things, because I didn’t read it. I’m just saying that this is how it often tends to be done with these articles. In other words, show the stats that make the drug look the best.
That’s a good point. Arbitrary cut-off scores on the HAM-D (or any other depression measure) would not be a good way to define relapse, and it looks like in this study, they did not use such a cut-off. There was actually an accompanying editorial in this issue, the relevant part of which I’ll quote below that sheds some more light on the researchers’ findings:
In this issue, Emslie and colleagues report on a study of 102 youths 7–18 years of age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder who had achieved good clinical response or remission in acute treatment with fluoxetine and then were randomly assigned to receive either fluoxetine or placebo in continuation treatment. Relapse was defined as persistent worsening in Children’s Depression Rating Scale—Revised (CDRS-R) score or a clinician determination of significant clinical deterioration. Of the patients in the fluoxetine group, 42% had a relapse during the 6-month blind continuation period, compared with 69% in the placebo group.
Relapse in terms of a second, stricter definition was examined by excluding clinician judgment and using only persistent worsening of the CDRS-R score. By that criterion, 22% of youths on fluoxetine relapsed, compared with 48% of those on placebo. Since participants were withdrawn from the study when they met the broader definition of relapse, these numbers do not include all those who would have met this stricter criterion had they stayed in the continuation study cell a bit longer. The design of the study thus reflected usual clinical decision making and did not keep patients in the study for whom that approach was no longer clinically reasonable. This strategy means that the 42% rate of failure on medication and the 69% rate of failure on placebo are the numbers that best reflect the experience our patients will have.
The 42% relapse rate in the fluoxetine group was disappointingly high. Just over half of patients who responded or remitted in acute treatment with fluoxetine had at least one residual depressive symptom when they entered the continuation treatment phase. Across both treatment groups the relapse rate was higher for those with one or more residual symptoms than for those with none, and the greatest difference in relapse rates was seen between the placebo and fluoxetine groups in those with no residual symptoms (67% versus 25%). Thus, fluoxetine continuation treatment was valuable across all participants but was particularly impressive in those who achieved complete symptom remission with acute treatment.
From: Continuation Treatment With Antidepressants in Child and Adolescent Major Depression
Thanks John. I didn’t see the editorial. There are still potential problems I see with how it was conducted and presented. I’m probably going to just go ahead and buy the article so I can read the whole thing.
But here one problem I see. The define relapse as “a persistent worsening of the CDRS-R” scores OR clinical determination of significant worsening. To me, it all comes down to how they define peristent worsening. Does that mean that scores are higher on a few subsequent administrations? Again, this does say anything about how much of the worsening was clinically significant. Then they present stats only based on the CDRS-R scores which show 22% of the prozac group worsening and 48% of the placebo group worsening. Again this is of unknown clinical significance because “worsening” is not clearly defined.
Now, if you take the stats the other way and look only at the clinical impressions of worsening, you get a different picture. If I am correct in understanding that the first measure of relapse simply pooled the clinician rated worsening with the CDRS-R, then we have no idea of what the results are when looking at clinical ratings of worsening only.
They other problem is that there was an initial phase when all patients took prozac, and then half were taken off and put on placebo. This, by itself, could have been the factor in producing the difference in the groups. The study has a potential confound with the effects of being on the medication and stopping it versus the drug’s ability to prevent relapse.
I went ahead and purchased the article. They did indeed use a set cutoff score to define relapse >= 40 on the CDRS-R, which had to be displayed over 2 consecutive meetings with the psychiatrist (separated by 2 weeks).
Additionally, if the score was under 40, they were considered to be relapsed if a clinician determined that “significant clinical deterioration suggested that full relapse would be likely without altering treatment, even if the CDRS-R score was
DrJ, I think you have two good points there, and I appreciate you looking into the study further to give myself and our readers more information about this study.
The two issues you note do call into question the study’s findings, and one has to wonder if the researchers designed the study specifically in this manner to “stack the deck” for the Prozac findings.
Namely, that they used either a cut-off score, or a clinical judgment to define “relapse.” And it’s not clear why they would choose one over another.
The second point — that by taking people off of an active psychiatric medication can lead to greater rates of relapse — is an important one. Because it means we should be on the lookout for this kind of design in future studies as well, and how/whether the researchers try and control for this effect in any manner (have a third control arm might help).
Thanks again for the commentary and insights!
my child is on prozac he has ADHD and he was put on it for his anger outburst he is also going through puberty is it helping? sometimes i think it is. I am not a drug pusher I look after mys son and stay on top of him & things, I don’t let him use his ADHD as an excuse for his behavior and he is held accountable for his actions. Unless you are in my shoes, u should not judge! Prozac is not a “mind altering” drug! It is not fair to the child to not find the best thing for him to allow him/her to be the best they can be, if they have problems! DIET AND EXERCISE for depression? give me a break!
My child is on Prozac and my anxiety level increases every time I read an article about kids and Prozac. However, our experience with it has been an unmitigated success. My 9 yr old child was able to say I love you for the first time this year, and to make jokes and to laugh, and to make friends……
And to the earlier writer- of course we tried diet, excercise, therapy, hypnosis etc. etc. -that only works with regular kids who feel be “sad or worried”.
My 11-year-old (soon to be 12)step-son is on Prozac. His mother found a psychologist who agreed to put him on it when he was 5 (right after the divorce). I have been dating his father for almost 4 years, married for 1 year. The fact of his son being on Prozac has always concerned me. Even on the medication, his son displays disturbing behavior which seems to be escalating the older he gets. He is very violent, but only towards others, not himself. I always find myself wondering if the drugs are keeping him from being totally disturbed, or if they are harming him and his abilities. He has been on Prozac for more than half his life! I would have never put a child on mind altering medication unless it was a last resort, but this decision was not mine (or my husbands–who also disagrees with it). I have spoken with a child psychologist here who thinks we could (and should) wean him off of Prozac. When we approach the subject, my step-son says that his doctor has told him that he has to be on Prozac for the rest of his life. I am angry that such a young and promising child has been told that there is no other way. He is a smart kid, but has no self-estem because he has always been told that there is “something wrong with him.” I find it hard to believe that a 5-year-old, saddened by divorce, could have possibly been diagnosed as having such insurmountable problems that he would need to be heavily medicated for the rest of his life. I feel that he has been done (at the very least) a grave disservice.
What will they come up with next. Some quack pur my 12 yr old grandson on Prozac and he seems to be worse. Instead of filling him with meds why don’t they start with the root of the problem? No that’s too simple. Lived with a mother that plainly prefered her daughter by her boy friend, and he knows it, says the whole family knows it. And then the boy friend verbally abuses my grandson and his own daughter. And the mother tells him not to do that. Find the root of the problem FIRST
I really think that unless you have lived and breathed a situation its all too easy to sit up on high and say I wouldnt do this or that!.
I am a mother of 21 years and 3 children, a full time child carer professionally also.
My 12 year old son has had problems since he was 5, ranging from eating disorders, OCD and seperation anxiety disorder. He knows he is loved very much, but having his grandad die and his dad leave us all in the same month some 7 years ago has had an enormous effect on him. We have tried family therapy, natural remedies, relaxation techniques - you name it, it has been tried. But when your little boy/girl of 12 tells you that they dont think they want to live anymore, and they have constant suicidal thoughts and violent outbursts to you and your family you consider ‘mind altering’ drugs! We know what the root of the problem is but when a child is so down other things become a problem also and then your left with a mess. Please dont judge parents decisions to put their most precious possession in the world, their child on drugs, because beleive me it is the hardest decision to make ever.!
I have a son that is very depressed. There are alot of things that have contributed to his depressions. He was diagnosed by 1 doctor as having a mood disorder & depression and was prescribed risperidone. I was told by 2 other doctors that he looks severely depressed and they want to start him on prozac. My son is 8 and has been saying that he wishes he was dead and his behavior in school, when he has been allowed to go, has not been good. We have been doing therapy and even with the therapy, he doesn’t seem to be getting better. Instead, he seems to be getting worse. He is currently in a hospital because I want him to get better. I feel like having my son take an antidepressant is my last hope.
My 12 year old daughter took an overdose of Tylenol a few days ago when a boy upset her and was taken to the hospital and is currently in their Psychiatric Dept. We recently learned about sexual abuse that was occuring at her bio dad’s house by her half brother. She has not been severely depressed and in fact is always laughing and talkative. I feel the main problem is that she does not know how to deal with her emotions, especially anger, and acts impulsively. Her doctor wants to put her on Prozac. Will this help her or hurt her? Is this drug right for her even though it does not seem that she has major depression?
I have been a part of my step-daughter’s life (she’s 10) for more than 5 years. In that time I have seen her give her sister a black eye, throw stuff at her mom, and lash out at my daughter (from a previous marriage) and myself. Both my husband and her mom have been active in trying to figure out what is causing the anger issues. Therapy, diet, and exercise have all been tried. They finally allowed the doctor to put her on Prozac and it has made a huge difference.
It turns out that she blames everyone, but her dad, for her not being able to be with her dad all the time. It took putting her on the Prozac and in therapy, for them to get the chemicals in her brain firing correctly so she could then calmly figure out what was causing the problems.
Those who say they would never put their child on a “mind alltering” drug must not know what it’s like to watch a child act out that way. When they realize what they have done, well, it breaks my heart watching her heart break. I agree, giving them Prozac does not “fix” the problem, but what it does do, is help the child get to a place where they can be calm enough to work on the issues.
My step-daughter does not get away with anything just because she is depressed and on Prozac. But her outburst have curbed drastically and now she is working on how to control them herself, so she can stop them before they lead to violence. Without the Prozac I don’t feel like she would ever have been able to calm down and work on the issues. (So hopefully she doesn’t have to be on it for life!!)
I really think before someone judges others they should walk a mile in their shoes. I never had problems with my first child. Then I started foster kids and I have one that if he wasn’t on meds he wouldn’t, no better word couldn’t function. Sometimes we go thru life saying what others should do instead of offering to help them do what they are trying their hardest to achieve.
Join the Conversation! Post a Comment:
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 8 Apr 2008







