There is a raging debate amongst mental health professionals and doctors about how appropriate it is to prescribe FDA adult-approved medication for children, and in some cases, children as young as 3 years old. There is a huge disconnect between clinicians and doctors who practice in the field, and the research evidence to support clinical decisions.
A MEDLINE research review and review of the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder show a significant and ongoing debacle when it comes to the diagnosis of adult mental disorders in children. Worse, because there is little professional agreement on how to scientifically apply adult diagnostic criteria to children, there is even less agreement (and research) on which adult medications are effective and safe when prescribed to children.
For instance, there is FDA-approved medication for children of 3-years-old for bipolar disorder. Yet doctors are given wide latitude to prescribe “off-label” — that is, to prescribe medications to people for indications and ages which they were not approved for. Because these are “off-label” prescriptions, doctors rely on back-up often from the medical literature to help support their belief that their prescription is warranted and ethical.
But when the medical literature is all over the place, where does that leave parents who need help?
Often desperate, with doctors trying to help to resolve their child’s issues, but without sufficient data and background to help in a way that’s going to be safe and effective.
Time will tell whether the parents or the psychiatrist or both are to blame in the death of 4-year-old Rebecca Riley, but the fact is, doctors should be very, very careful in diagnosing and prescribing medications to children who are so young. There is little research support for early diagnosis of adult disorders such as bipolar disorder of children, and even less evidence to support using adult medications to treat them.
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From Psych Central's World of Psychology:
The Death of Bipolar Child Rebecca Riley on 60 Minutes - World of Psychology (9/30/2007)
6 Comments to
“Can a 3 Year Old Be Accurately Diagnosed?”
I’ve had the “off-label” argument with medical practitioners before, usually in terms of trying to figure out why a client is on this or that medication in the absence of a clear diagnosis. Since I don’t deal with children, I’ve been mercifully spared cases such as the one that is described here. Using a heavy-duty medication such as clonidine in a small child pretty much requires careful monitoring. Especially since there have been previous cases of sudden death with this medication (http://www.fragilex.org/html/sudden.htm). I hope clearer guidelines for appropriate medication use come out of this tragety.
I think that for the diagnosis for a child up to three years should be considered with caution. The drugs and doses to appoint on the basis of its usage, and not only recommendation from the pharmaceutical company.
I’d go one step further and suggest the diagnosis of any child under 6 with ANY adult disorder that doesn’t have significant research support (e.g., more than 4 or 5 studies, not single case reports, but actual control-group, large-scale studies) is bordering on the unethical and a complete misunderstanding (or simple lack of knowledge) of the importance of family dynamics.
There’s a reason the DSM is divided into adult and childhood disorders, and it’s not just to make things nice, neat and organized. It’s because there isn’t sufficient empirical research evidence to support a diagnosis of something like “bipolar disorder” in children. Yes, it’s done by clinicians everyday, but that doesn’t make it right or what’s best for the child’s welfare.
There is really no correlation between an adult’s organism and a child’s organism in handling certain types of medicaments and medications. It is expected that any adult meets the criteria to take a certain dose of medicine, however, it is recommended that he or she prevents from participating in their regular activities because there might be side affects. A child’s immune system is weaker and it can not defend itself from such side affects, therefore it is unethical to make such a comparison. Unlike an adult’s body a child body is not yet fully developed. The medications intended for an adult body can affect a child’s body development and can cause a great deal of harm. Professionals should not risk patients’ lives because they have based their decisions on text. In order to make moral decision they should base their prescriptions on studies and their results. With today’s technology there is no necessity to expose anyone’s life to death. The only thing that would be left to ask is how many more children would have to die before someone puts their foot down on this situation.
I’m a mother of 2 bipolar sons and a daughter with tendancies. The boys are now 6 and 7, our daughter’s 4. For us, it was not sudden onset. I think often, it’s too painful for the mother to even process. It’s easy to overlook symptoms that aren’t harming anyone. With all the other responsibilities of raising children, it can fall into the category of “They’re just being boys” or “It’s just a weird phase, they’ll grow out of it”. With the cycling of BD, the “phase” does sometimes go away. Our experience was, only to have it replaced by other “weird phases”. At 2, our oldest son, every morning, walked to his same breakfast chair, stood on it with his hands flapping straight up above his head, yelling “Whoop! Whoop! Whoop!”. This went on for weeks, until I eventually cried at the realization. I first noticed his symptoms at 5 or 6 mths old. He was delayed in his milestones, and something just didn’t seem right. Later he isolated himself and seemed flat emotionally. He put his cars in rows during playtime,a lot. We thought he was autistic and still believe him to have a dual diagnosis. With medication,he’ll have a high functioning, hopefully very successful life. The 1st step to solving a problem is admitting there is one. If you think symptoms may be present they probably are. They may not be debilitating,like with my daughter. But early detection really does make all the difference. Hope this helps
God be with you and your family.
Thank you, Steph, for sharing your story. It’s always nice to round out detached academic theories with some real-world experience.
It’s nothing short of preposterous to assume that all children’s “psychological” problems can be resolve with family-systems therapy. To suggest as much to a family with a child suffering from any other physical ailment — from diabetes to Lyme’s disease to brain tumors — would be considered some kind of insanity. Because it is.
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Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 9 Feb 2007




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